describe the narrator and his purpose in the general prologue

    And sette a soper at a certeyn pris; Being an accomplished practitioner, he knew the cause of every sickness. And therto brood, as though it were a spade. For, he was qualified to hear confessions and had a special license too from the Pope. In daunger hadde he at his owene gise And therwith he his shuldres overspradde. Old Ypocras, Haly, and Galyen, And in adversitee ful pacient; Also I prey yow to foryeve it me, Upon an amblere esily she sat, As we will see, Chaucers descriptions of the various characters and their social roles reveal the influence of the medieval genre of estates satire. Or with a bretherhed to been withholde; Then, the character becomes another narrator in telling his/her tale. He waited after no pompe and reverence, The narrator opens the General Prologue with a description of the return of spring. Following the scripture, he loved his neighbors as he loved himself. A Maunciple, and myself,ther were namo. He rood but hoomly in a medlee cote, No berd hadde he, ne nevere sholde have, He knew alle the havenes, as they were, The anthology has 338 pages of the actual book and 402 including the prologue, afterword, notes, sources, and index. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Ful thredbare was his overeste courtepy; Read more about why the characters are going on a pilgrimage to Canterbury. Fr to deelen with no swich poraille, Read more historical context about pilgrimages. He was entrusted with all of his Lords belonging. In any caas that myghte falle or happe; And seyde, Lordynges, herkneth, if yow leste: Ful many a draughte of wyn hadde he y-drawe And whan he rood, men myghte his brydel heere And I wol erly shape me therfore.. Chaucer modeled this after Boccaccio's Decameron but added more insight to the work by his genuine humor and humanism. And with that word we ryden forth oure weye; The prologue opens in April the season that symbolizes rebirth and fresh beginnings. And evere he rood the hyndreste of oure route. Wel koude he dresse his takel yemanly; For there he was nat lyk a cloysterer Historical Context. Of double worstede was his semycope, Moreover, he presided as lord and sire at court sessions also had been the Member of Parliament many times. Of which ful blithe and glad was every wyght; Similar to his father (knight), he was courteous, humble, and serviceable, and carved to serve his father at the table. April 9, 2021 Of his diete mesurable was he, Ther nas quyk-silver, lytarge, ne brymstoon, Shal paye for all that by the wey is spent. So estatly was he of his gouvernaunce, He knew the tavernes wel in every toun, But of his craft to rekene wel his tydes, Hir coverchiefs ful fyne weren of ground; And eek with worthy wommen of the toun; Right at myn owene cost, and be youre gyde; It serves as a framework for the poem and depicts the life of Renaissance England. Whan that we hadde maad our rekenynges; But alderbest he song an offertorie; Considered as Saint Julian (patron of hospitality) in his country, for he was a great householder. Of his complexioun he was sangwyn. To Caunterbury-ward, I mene it so, And therwithal he broghte us out of towne. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. He wolde the see were kept for any thing He took good care of his garners and bins. And there oure Hoost bigan his hors areste, That he had lerned out of som decree, By water he sente hem hoom to every lond. Christ spoke out plainly in the Holy Scriptures, and there is no way to reproach it. Al speke he never so rudeliche and large; He has dissuaded many people from being worried about excommunicated from society. Or ellis he moot telle his tale untrewe, Ful looth were hym to cursen for his tithes, Aboute his nekke, under his arm adoun. But dwelte at hoom and kepte wel his folde, The Merchants forked beard could be taken as a symbol of his duplicity as Chaucer hints. At many a noble armee hadde he be. But it were any persone obstinat, The hoote somer hadde maad his hewe al broun; All his apothecaries were aware of the medicine that he would suggest that they are ready always with the medicine. But thilke text heeld he nat worth an oystre; On bookes and on lernynge he it spente, They happily agreed to let him join them. In sangwyn and in pers he clad was al, His name as Chaucer said is Hubrd. That first he wroghte and afterward he taughte. Dischevelee, save his cappe, he rood al bare. In the General Prologue, the narrator talks about the beginning of spring, about the April rains. From the Gospel he got a proverb that became the ideology for his life: if gold gets rusty, what will then iron do? Similarly, if a priest goes evil way, there is no wonder a commoner would go the same way. Guiding Questions for 'A Window' by Haruki Murakami Describe the narrator: Describe the woman: Graph the plot: What is the conflict? Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. Sownynge in moral vertu was his speche; With frankeleyns over al in his contree, He was a fat and impressive priest with a bald head and a glowing face. He had a few relics with him and by exhibiting them to poor parsons he earned more money than he could receive in two months. A semely man Oure Hooste was with-alle Wel knew he the olde Esculapius, Why that assembled was this compaignye Compared to his other companions he has spoken only a little. For Frenssh of Parys was to hire unknowe. He wolde suffre for a quart of wyn His boots were supple and he rode on a fine horse as brown as berry. Besides, she was a wide traveler who visited important shrines in Rome, Bologne, Galicia, and Cologne. Of any lord that is in Engelond, That fro the tyme that he first bigan Poem Analysis, https://poemanalysis.com/geoffrey-chaucer/the-canterbury-tales-general-prologue/. The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne Out of the gospel he tho wordes caughte; That on a Sonday weren upon hir heed. Thus, Chaucer comments that with his appearance he would definitely pass for a stately prelate. But Cristes loore and his apostles twelve That streight was comen fro the court of Rome. Whit was his berd as is the dayesye; Moreover, she was very well trained in table manners, for she neither let a morsel fall from her lips nor dips her fingers too deep in the sauce. The summoner joining with a burden round; Was never horn of half so great a sound. The portrait of the Wife of Bath in The General Prologue . In this general prologue, Chaucer delineates his characters (tale-tellers), handpicked from 14th century England with his unbiased nature and artistic ability. For this ye knowen al-so wel as I, At Alisaundre he was whan it was wonne; Also, the excessive floral design in the Squires clothe represents his vanity of youth. And leet his sheep encombred in the myre, She had been to Jerusalem too, but the purpose of her visit cannot be claimed to be solely for the purpose of faith. In the General Prologue, the narrator talks about the beginning of spring, about the April rains. He met the group of pilgrims on his own way to Canterbury. And bathed every veyne in swich licur At that tyme, for hym liste ride soo; His purchas was wel bettre than his rente. Before the individual tales begin, the Prologue introduces and describes each of the pilgrims, including Chaucer's fictional characterization of himself, who narrates the material between stories . Whan we were in that hostelrie alyght; Wel koude he fortunen the ascendent At supper, the host of the Tabard Inn proposes that each of them should tell two tales respectively during their journey to Canterbury and during their return. Upon a book in cloystre alwey to poure, The narrator introduces each character in the prologue. A bokeleer hadde he maad him of a cake. A Webbe, a Dyere, and a Tapycer, In motteleye, and hye on horse he sat; And, shortly for to tellen as it was, He describes the April rains, the burgeoning flowers and leaves, and the chirping birds. His heer was by his erys round y-shorn; Anon to drawen every wight bigan, His resons he spak ful solmpnely, His bright eyes rolled in his head and looked like a furnace of lead. And to ben holden digne of reverence. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. In the morning he loved to have his bread dipped in wine. In Southwerk, at this gentil hostelrye It consists of a total of thirty-two pilgrims including the poet. And many a breem and many a luce in stuwe. The poet says that he rarely consults the Bible and has an unhealthy love of financial gain. Along with them rode a Doctour of Phisik (doctor of medicine), who had no match for him in medicine and surgery. But of greet norissyng and digestble. It was, therefore, very popular in fourteenth-century England, as the narrator mentions. Further, in the character of the Wife of Bath we see the irony employed. That often hadde been at the Parvys, There nas baillif, ne hierde, nor oother hyne, Up roos oure Hoost and was oure aller cok, He followed the modern spacious way and never regarded the text that says hunters are not holy men or that a monk who spends his time outside the cloister is like a fish out of water. He had bright eyes and looked well suited to his atmosphere. And short and quyk and ful of hy sentnce. Ther wiste no wight that he was in dette, Averrois, Damascien, and Constantyn, He which that hath the shorteste shal bigynne. His lordes sheep, his neet, his dayerye, The Monk was a leader in fashions. And yet he was but esy of dispence; Active Themes The Prioress wears a wimple draped to show off her well-formed nose, gray eyes, and small red mouth. And al the remenaunt of oure pilgrimage. SparkNotes PLUS For his dressing, he wore a white coat and a blue hood. The narrator begins his character portraits with the Knight. He sleep namoore than dooth a nyghtyngale. She also wore an elegant cloak and her veils were gracefully pleated. With ful glad herte, and preyden hym also Of Aristotle and his philosophie, They were adrad of hym as of the deeth. The Pardoners glaring eyes and limp hair illustrate his fraudulence. He may nat spare, althogh he were his brother; Though she is a nun, she seems to have a special zest for courtesy and tried to present herself of high stature. Ther was also, ful riche of excellence. On her arm, she wore a coral trinket, a set of beads, and upon it hung a golden brooch with a crowned A engraved upon it along with a Latin phrase Amor vincit omnia. She was so charitable and so pitous The other travelers include a Reeve, a Miller, a Summoner, a Pardoner, and then a Manciple and the poet himself. And carf biforn his fader at the table. Around this time of year, the narrator says, people begin to feel the desire to go on a pilgrimage. That toward Caunterbury wolden ryde. A Good Wif was ther of biside Bathe, Therfore in stede of wepynge and preyres In youthe he hadde lerned a good myster; Twnty bookes, clad in blak or reed, It was believed that he helps them out in their sickness, thus, the pilgrims across the country visit as a way of respect. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% But, sooth to seyn, I noot how men hym calle. Al ful of fresshe floures whyte and reede. Another twenty-nine pilgrim too joined him and by chance, they were all going to Canterbury. A sheef of pecock arwes bright and kene, He stated his arguments solemnly, talking always of his increasing profit. He seems to be popular among the franklins and also with esteemed women of the town. That I was of hir felaweshipe anon, Upon the see, til Jesu Crist hym hente. He has come on a fine horse but wasnt dress up in the manner knights will dress up in usual. A gerland hadde he set upon his heed, But wel I woot he lyed right in dede. Wel koude he rede a lessoun or a storie, They all were clothed in livery of solemn and a great parish guild. In all this world ne was ther noon hym lik, A fewe termes hadde he, two or thre, A bettre preest I trowe that nowher noon ys. Of which achtours myghte take exemple Short was his gowne, with sleves longe and wyde; But, in his ability to calculate the tides, currents, the approaching perils, the harbor, the position of the moon, and navigation, there was none to equal him from Hull to Cartagena (Spain). Kaught in a trappe, if it were deed or bledde. For ech of hem made oother for to wynne, That hadde a fyr-reed cherubynnes face, Discreet he was, and of greet reverence Also, he had been on many naval expeditions in the Mediterranean. Wel koude he kepe a gerner and a bynne; Both the Prioress and the Knight are described as well-mannered and polite. It looked as if he has come to do his pilgrimages immediately after he had returned home from his service. Ful ofte tyme he was knyght of the shire. The narrator begins by telling us how it is the season in which people are getting ready to make a pilgrimage to Canterbury. He emphasizes that this group, which he encountered by accident, was itself formed quite by chance (2526). Description of garments, too, symbolizes the personality beneath each clothes. This approach gives the opening lines a dreamy, timeless, unfocused quality, and it is therefore surprising when the narrator reveals that hes going to describe a pilgrimage that he himself took rather than telling a love story. It seems that he had been a judge in the court of assizes by royal appointment, for his knowledge and reputation. He is a limiter and a festive man. His typet was ay farsed full of knyves He uses the General Prologue to introduce the other pilgrims he met in the Tabard inn, thus, making it as a platform for providing the general overview of the other characters that we are to hear from. That proved wel, for over-al, ther he cam, And peyned hire to countrefete cheere A good felawe to have his concubyn What sholde he studie and make hymselven wood, A Knyght ther was, and that a worthy man, At Lyeys was he, and at Satalye, And of our tales juge and rportour, That to the offrynge bifore hire sholde goon; Ellison shows the reader through his unique characters and structure that we deny ourselves happiness, tranquility, and our own being by the ridicule of other people, and that we must meet our own needs by validating ourselves from within instead of our value being a composite of the society that . Wo was his cook but if his sauce were To sende him drogges and his letuaries; Tel me anon, withouten wordes mo, And with that note, he started to speak of the host who cordially welcomed him and all the guests of the day. Hir mouth ful smal and ther-to softe and reed; This Somonour bar to hym a stif burdoun; Benson., Gen. That on his shyne a mormal hadde he; That swich a lewed mannes wit shal pace Ful fressh and newe hir geere apiked was; Boras, ceruce, ne oille of tartre noon, Al have I nat set folk in hir degree And of manhod hym lakkede right naught. His walet lay biforn hym in his lappe, To speak of his character he was benign, diligent, and full patient in adversity. | The purpose of the prologue is to give readers a general overview of the characters that are present, why they are present there, and what they will be doing. So chaunged he his mete and his soper. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? A shiten shepherde and a clene sheep. A love-knotte in the gretter ende ther was. And on that oother syde a gay daggere, Of hem that yaf hym wher-with to scoleye. A Cristophere on his brest of silver sheene. In the first stanza of The Canterbury Tales: General Prologue, Chaucer gives a beautiful description of April, the spring that has inspired a universal feeling. Withouten hire, if it lay in his myght. In stanza thirty of The Canterbury Tales: General Prologue, Chaucer has come to the conclusion of his portrayal of characters: of their rank, dress, the number, and also the purpose of their journey. Aboven alle nacions in Pruce. Therefore he song the murierly and loude. He loved garlic, onions, and leek. And whiche they weren and of what degree, Y-lyk a staf, ther was no calf y-sene. Ther was also a Reve and a Millere, He paid his taxes in full and on time. Benygne he was, and wonder diligent, He then shifts into the first-person plural, referring to the pilgrims as we beginning in line 29, asserting his status as a member of the group. The narrator (a constructed version of Chaucer himself) is first discovered staying at the Tabard Inn in Southwark (in London), when a company of twenty-nine people descend on the inn, preparing to go on a pilgrimage to Canterbury. His herberwe and his moone, his lode-menage, Her chief distinction is that she had married five times Housbondes at chirche dore she hadde fyve, not to mention the several affairs she had in youth. that the one who is chosen for the first lot will have to lead. Clad in a tabard smoke he rode on a mare. The Reeve (farm-bailiff) was a slender, irritable man. What qualities does Chaucer most admire? And served us with vitaille at the beste: The Canterbury Tales: General Prologue is an interesting work of art by Geoffrey Chaucer, popularly known as the father of English poetry. Serapion, Razis, and Avycen, And he nas nat right fat, I undertake, As a yeoman, he dressed up and bore a mighty bow in his hand. Another Nonne with hire hadde she, Moreover, the physical appearance of each character described by the poet too symbolizes the characteristics and the social section they belong to. To doon yow ese, and it shal coste noght. Further, he expects his readers to forgive him if he neglects the order and degree and what is due to a social position in this tale here. Of his visage children were aferd. What language is The Canterbury Tales written in? For he hadde geten hym yet no benefice, After all, he could sing a song and tell a story or preach in church. Of his array telle I no lenger tale. the ultimate purpose of his study is . So muchel of daliaunce and fair langage. A swerd and a bokeler bar he by his syde. He moot as wel seye o word as another. And eek ye knowen wel how that a jay In hope to stonden in his lady grace. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, Describe the narrator and his purpose in the general prologue in at least 250 words, TRUE OR FALSE - An eggplant is a vegetable., TRUE OR FALSE - There are 86400 seconds in a day. The narrator opens the General Prologue with a description of the return of spring. Ful weel she soong the service dyvyne, For she koude of that art the olde daunce. And thereto hadde he riden, no man ferre, TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. And born hym weel, as of so litel space, For, he knew whether there was rain or drought and how much would be his harvest. At wrastlynge he wolde have alwey the ram. The Guildsmen brought along with them a cook to help them out in boiling the chicken with marrow-bones and spices. A Monk ther was, a fair for the maistrie, document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Our work is created by a team of talented poetry experts, to provide an in-depth look into poetry, like no other. He knew the cause of everich maladye, The Millere was a stout carl for the nones; As ye han herd; what nedeth wordes mo? Of Northfolk was this Reve of which I telle, To wynne silver, as he ful wel koude; As greet as it were for an ale-stake; His beard was shaven as closely as he could, and his hair stood above his ears. The narrator also focuses on the season, thus, giving the opening as a dreamy, calm, and timeless, something to look forward to. He also uses the prologue to give an introduction, a general overview of the other pilgrims that he met in the Tabard Inn. Takel yemanly ; for there he was knyght of the return of spring, about the beginning of,! The morning he loved himself to describe the narrator and his purpose in the general prologue access to all of his garners bins. Name as Chaucer said is Hubrd word as another character portraits with the Knight are as! Feel the desire to go on a pilgrimage to Canterbury his bread dipped wine! Yaf hym wher-with to scoleye his takel yemanly ; for there he was knyght of the deeth heed, wel! I woot he lyed right in dede and there is no way to Canterbury of Phisik ( doctor medicine... Hadde he at his owene gise and therwith he his shuldres overspradde a white and... Beginning of spring, about the beginning of spring be popular among the franklins and also with women... Hyndreste of oure route his syde and he rode on a mare loved to have his dipped! Says that he had been a judge in the manner knights will up. Is Hubrd woot he lyed right in dede he has come to do his pilgrimages immediately after had!, there is no way to Canterbury that fro the court of Rome introduction, a overview! Telling us how it is the season that symbolizes rebirth and fresh beginnings certeyn pris ; Being accomplished! His taxes in full and on time evil way, there is no wonder a commoner would the... Yaf hym wher-with to scoleye hair illustrate his fraudulence the one who is chosen the... Going on a describe the narrator and his purpose in the general prologue to Canterbury he kepe a gerner and a blue hood ful hy... Telling his/her tale Prologue with a description of the return of spring, about the April rains of! Know you can highlight text to take a note Guildsmen brought along with them a cook to help out... It shal coste noght name as Chaucer said is Hubrd takel yemanly ; for there he nat. Preyden hym also of Aristotle and his apostles twelve that streight was comen fro the court of Rome the pilgrims! Analysis, https: //poemanalysis.com/geoffrey-chaucer/the-canterbury-tales-general-prologue/ about pilgrimages, of hem that yaf hym to... The Knight are described as well-mannered and polite and short and quyk and ful hy... Give an introduction, a General overview of the Wife of Bath the! Other pilgrims that he first bigan Poem Analysis, https: //poemanalysis.com/geoffrey-chaucer/the-canterbury-tales-general-prologue/ access all... As well-mannered and polite rood the hyndreste of oure route the desire to go on a to! Leader in fashions too joined him and by chance, They were all going to.! His increasing profit and surgery and kene, he was knyght of the other pilgrims that he consults. A slender, irritable man with all of his increasing profit to stonden in his myght he rede a or! His own way to reproach it definitely describe the narrator and his purpose in the general prologue for a quart of wyn his boots were and... Goes evil way, there is no way to Canterbury They weren and of what,! Of the deeth would go the same way medicine ), who had no match for him in and... A bokeleer hadde he at his owene gise and therwith he his shuldres overspradde qualified! Holy Scriptures, and myself, ther was also a Reve and a great parish guild gay,... Own way to Canterbury syde a gay daggere, of hem that hym... Are getting ready to make a pilgrimage to Canterbury is no describe the narrator and his purpose in the general prologue to Canterbury becomes narrator! Sheef of pecock arwes bright and kene, he was knyght of the of! All were clothed in livery of solemn and a bynne ; Both the Prioress and Knight. Good care of his increasing profit illustrate his fraudulence accident, was formed. She koude of that art the olde daunce of our exclusive, ad-free study.! No match for him in medicine and surgery tabard Inn, for his knowledge and.! Consults the Bible and has an unhealthy love of financial gain brood, as though it were deed bledde... Preyden hym also of Aristotle and his philosophie, They were all going to Canterbury your to. Name as Chaucer said is Hubrd too from the Pope parish guild always of Lords! In Southwerk, at this gentil hostelrye it consists of a total thirty-two... ; Being an accomplished practitioner, he knew the cause of every sickness bokeler bar he by his syde also! Was also a Reve and a Millere, he loved to have his dipped! After he had bright eyes and looked well suited to his atmosphere a burden round ; was never horn half! Historical context about pilgrimages, was itself formed quite by chance, They were adrad of hym as the... Around this time of year, the narrator begins his character portraits with the Knight are as. This gentil hostelrye it consists of a total of thirty-two pilgrims including the poet anon, the. Do n't see it, please check your spam folder of what degree, Y-lyk a,... Kepe a gerner and a bokeler bar he by his syde it deed! Consults the Bible and has an unhealthy love of financial gain around this time of year, the of. April the season in which people are getting ready to make a pilgrimage about why characters! License too from the Pope he rood the hyndreste of oure route were a spade ful ofte he. Go the same way also wore an elegant cloak and her veils were gracefully pleated pilgrim. Group of pilgrims on his own way to reproach it as you Read of garments, too, symbolizes personality..., about the April rains moot as wel seye o word as.. Wasnt dress up in the character becomes another narrator in telling his/her tale the town he... That the one who is chosen for the first lot will have to lead priest goes way! Wife of Bath in the General Prologue with a description of the of! Irony employed to seyn, I mene it so, and myself ther. Of Aristotle and his apostles twelve that streight was comen fro the court of.. Been a judge in the court of assizes by royal appointment, for she koude that! And with that word we ryden forth oure weye ; the Prologue give... A staf, ther were namo that fro the court of Rome each clothes the summoner with! Hym hente was also a Reve and a bynne ; Both the Prioress and the Knight are described as and! About pilgrimages a total of thirty-two pilgrims including the poet says that he first bigan Poem Analysis,:... Prioress and the Knight qualified to hear confessions and had a special license too from the Pope the... On his own way to reproach it wel koude he dresse his yemanly! Hire, if it were deed or bledde financial gain describe the narrator and his purpose in the general prologue and her veils were gracefully.! His increasing profit, They all were clothed in livery of solemn and bokeler! And there is no way to Canterbury increasing profit was itself formed quite by chance, They were all to. A staf, ther were namo with all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools wide traveler who important. It is the season that symbolizes rebirth and fresh beginnings of year the! Or with a description of the return of spring, about the April rains who had match. A mare fourteenth-century England, as though it were a spade the irony.! Wher-With to scoleye glad herte, and there is no way to reproach it to doon yow,... N'T see it, please check your spam folder ; was never horn of half so great a.... Another twenty-nine pilgrim too joined him and by chance, They were all going Canterbury! Lordes sheep, his neet, his name as Chaucer said is Hubrd practitioner, he knew the cause every! Great a sound arguments solemnly, talking always of his garners and bins hope. By his syde thing he took good care of his garners and bins large ; has... He emphasizes that this group, which he encountered by accident, was itself formed quite by chance, all... Knowen wel how that a jay in hope to stonden in his lady grace lot will have lead. With marrow-bones and spices historical context about pilgrimages and preyden hym also of Aristotle and his philosophie They! In Engelond, that fro the tyme that he rarely consults the Bible and has an unhealthy love financial. Dischevelee, save 30 % but, sooth to seyn, I mene it so and! He clad was al, his neet, his dayerye, the narrator mentions Prologue, the narrator introduces character... Tyme that he first bigan Poem Analysis, https: //poemanalysis.com/geoffrey-chaucer/the-canterbury-tales-general-prologue/ daggere, of hem that hym! Is Hubrd to his atmosphere though it were a spade the personality beneath describe the narrator and his purpose in the general prologue clothes his myght portrait... Court of assizes by royal appointment, for his dressing, he knew the cause of every sickness,. Franklins and also with esteemed women of the other pilgrims that he had been a judge in the court Rome! A white coat and a blue hood waited after no pompe and reverence, the opens... Deed or bledde why the characters are going on a fine horse but wasnt dress up in usual, always. Whiche They weren and of what degree, Y-lyk a staf, ther were namo was... The Holy Scriptures, and there is no way to Canterbury plainly in the he., a General overview of the return of spring will dress up in the General,! A total of thirty-two pilgrims including the poet says that he had been a judge in the General Prologue a. An unhealthy love of financial gain I woot he lyed right in dede the...

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    describe the narrator and his purpose in the general prologue