Global Environmental Change, 15(1), 23-31. Some interesting facts state that every second, 1.5 acres of wood are cut down, Global deforestation peaked in the 1980s. (2012) looked at this distribution for low-to-middle income subtropical countries, and has also studied the many drivers of forest loss.Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., De Sy, V., De Fries, R. S., Brockhaus, M., Verchot, L., & Romijn, E. (2012). The rate of population growth tends to slow down. People cut down 15 billion trees each year and the global tree count has fallen by 46% since the beginning of human civilization. Some countries within this group are still far behind peak deforestation: without concerted effort to protect these forests it could be many decades before forests in those countries approach the transition point [as we show in a related post].10. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. 71% of this is driven by demand in domestic markets, and the remaining 29% for the production of products that are traded. For the last two centuries forests have been growing and are almost back to where they were 1000 years ago.13. Since 1961, the amount of land we use for agriculture increased by only 7%. Humanitys biggest footprint is due to what we eat, not where we live. In 2012 the mid-year of this period global emissions from fossil fuels, industry and land use change was 40.2 billion tonnes. There are two reasons that we cut down forests: Our demand for both of these initially increases as populations grow and poor people get richer. In the chart we see deforestation emissions per person, measured in tonnes of CO2 per year. 59% occurs in Latin America, with a further 28% from Southeast Asia. Weve seen the five key drivers of forest loss. When we cut down primary rainforest we are transforming this ecosystem forever. Forest degradation measures a thinning of the canopy a reduction in the density of trees in the area but without a change in land use. The breakdown of forest loss globally, and by region, is shown in the chart.22. The relationships of population and forest trends. In the coming decades this is where we might expect to see the most rapid loss of forests unless these countries take action to prevent it, and the world supports them in the goal. Since year-to-year changes in forest cover can be volatile, the UN FAO provide this annual data averaged over five-year periods. All the software and code that we write is open source and made available via GitHub under the permissive MIT license. What are the major impacts of mass deforestation and forest loss? Lets take an example. That means that each year, one percent of all trees are being destroyed. Forest Transitions: why do we lose then regain forests? Environmental impacts of food consumption in Europe. By Georgina Rannard. From the chart we see that this was driven by the continued expansion of land for agriculture. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. Since there is often year-to-year variability in deforestation or reforestation rates, this is shown as the five-year average. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. They first lose lots of forest, but reach a turning point and begin to regain it again. Imagine over 100 large harvesters working non-stop. But forest cover increases through reforestation. This increase was mostly driven by tropical deforestation as countries across Asia and Latin America followed the path of Europe and North America. Its State of the Worlds Forests report provides estimates of global forest cover today, and rates of change over previous decades. How many trees are cut down each year? Humans have already destroyed around 46% of the trees on Earth. Tropical forests are often more productive than temperate forests, meaning they store more carbon. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. Degradation drivers, including logging and especially wildfires can definitely have major impacts on forest health: animal populations decline, trees can die, and CO2 is emitted. Rome. The world loses 5 million hectares of forest to deforestation each year. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. Humans have been cutting down trees for millennia. [2] Only 36% of the world's rainforests remain intact. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. How many trees are cut down each year?. Some of the worlds poorest countries are still in the pre-transition phase. The bar chart just below shows the earths surface cover just after the end of the last ice age.3 10,000 years ago 57% of the worlds habitable land was covered by forest. It provides long-term estimates on forest cover in 10,000 and 5,000 years BP. [4] Forests cover 4.06 billion hectares (just less than 31%) of But it can bridge between deforestation and degradation depending on the timeframe and permanence of these agricultural practices. But there is good reason to make this our primary concern. But the solution is not so simple. The UN FAO estimate that 10 million hectares of forest were cut down each year. Environmental Research Letters, 7(4), 044009. This is also true for major economies such as China and India. Centuries ago it was mainly temperate regions that were driving global deforestation [we take a look at this longer history of deforestation in a related article]. This means they were responsible for 12% of global deforestation.31 It is therefore true that rich countries are causing deforestation in poorer countries. Brazil, for example, went through a period of very rapid deforestation in the 1980s and 90s (its early transition phase) but its losses have slowed, meaning it is now in the late transition. By the 19th century the forest area was reduced to a third of what it once was. The rate of deforestation is declining, but we still lost forests at a whopping 10 million hectares per year between 2015-2020. It was predominantly temperate forests that were being lost at this time. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. The definition of forest can vary depending on aspects such as tree density and height. Imported emissions are also high for Taiwan, Belgium and the Netherlands at around one tonne. There is little forest left. By Georgina Rannard. People cut down 15 billion trees each year and the global tree count has fallen by 46% since the beginning of human civilization. 95% of this occurs in the tropics. In the chart we see the comparison between the change in domestic forest area, and deforestation driven by imported goods.33 On the vertical axis we have the domestic change in forest area: this is shown only for countries where the forest area is increasing. The grey line marks where the area of domestic regrowth of forests is exactly equal to imported deforestation. Thats a lot of trees! The diet of the average Brazilian creates 2.7 tonnes of CO2 from deforestation alone. How many trees are lost to deforestation each year? But they wanted to contribute to a more informed discussion about where to focus forest conservation efforts by understanding why forests were being lost. Why should we care most about tropical deforestation? The amount of land used for agriculture land to grow crops as well as grazing land for livestock was expanding. Curtis, P. G., Slay, C. M., Harris, N. L., Tyukavina, A., & Hansen, M. C. (2018). Its domestic demand, not international trade, that is the main driver of deforestation. Clearing of the Brazilian Amazon for pasture and croplands was a major driver of this loss. [4] Forests cover 4.06 billion hectares (just less than 31%) of Tree density in primary forests varies from 50,000-100,000 trees per square km, so the math would put this number at 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees cut down each year. However, most align on the relative change in forests over this period. And to identify where deforestation is occurring; perhaps as important, show where forest loss is not deforestation. Web42 million trees are cut down each day. [2] Only 36% of the world's rainforests remain intact. There is a marked divide in the state of the worlds forests. How much deforestation happens every day? If we want to end deforestation we need to understand where and why its happening; where countries are within their transition; and what can be done to accelerate their progress through it. If you want to reduce your carbon footprint, reducing meat and dairy intake particularly beef and lamb has the largest impact. Because people are starting to see how climate change affects trees. Why? WebEvery year from 2011-2015 about 20 million hectares of forest was cut down. The changes to the forest are often temporary and its expected that they will regrow. Thats more than the countrys CO2 emissions from fossil fuels, which are around 2.2 tonnes per person. International trade is important for socioeconomic development. Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., De Sy, V., De Fries, R. S., Brockhaus, M., Verchot, L., & Romijn, E. (2012). Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. This often comes at the cost of forests. Because people are starting to see how climate change affects trees. People cut down 15 billion trees each year and the global tree count has fallen by 46% since the beginning of human civilization. A new study published in Nature estimates the planet has 3.04 trillion trees. How many trees does IKEA cut down a Then things started to speed up. But international markets alone cannot fix this problem. [4] Forests cover 4.06 billion hectares (just less than 31%) of From 1700 to 1850, 19 million hectares were being cleared every decade. More than 7 million hectares of forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees, are cut down every year because of deforestation. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. A future with more people and more forest is possible. Africa is also an outlier as a result of how many people still rely on wood as their primary energy source. The biodiversity of managed tree plantations which are periodically cut, regrown, cut again, then regrown is not the same. How many trees does IKEA cut down a Noriko Hosonuma et al. The study also finds that human activity negatively affects tree abundance from the boreal forests to the equator. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. How Many Acres of Trees Are Cut Down Each Year? We need to pass the transition point as soon as possible, while minimising the amount of forest we lose along the way. But when forests are cut, burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon instead of absorb carbon. According to CNN, each year over 1,000 plants and animal species go extinct due to deforestation and subsequent habitat loss. Noriko Hosonuma et al. The UK imported 34,000 hectares of deforestation but increased its domestic forests by only 19,000 hectares. Proactive conservation to prevent habitat losses to agricultural expansion. The rate of forest loss changed a lot. Then, using a physical trade model across 191 countries and around 400 food and forestry products, they could trace them through to where they are physically consumed, either as food or in industrial processes.Pendrill, F., Persson, U. M., Godar, J., Kastner, T., Moran, D., Schmidt, S., & Wood, R. (2019). In a study published in Global Environmental Change, Florence Pendrill and colleagues investigated where tropical deforestation was occurring; what products were driving this; and, using global trade models, they traced where these products were going in international supply chains.34, They found that tropical deforestation given as the annual average between 2010 and 2014 was responsible for 2.6 billion tonnes of CO2 per year. The researchs results are Deforestation displaced: trade in forest-risk commodities and the prospects for a global forest transition. Lets put some numbers to them. Since international demand is driving one-third of deforestation emissions, we have some opportunity to reduce emissions through global consumers and supply chains. How many trees have been cut down? Many people think of environmental concerns as a modern issue: humanitys destruction of nature and ecosystems as a result of very recent population growth and increasing consumption. A note on UN FAO forestry data Data on net forest change, afforestation and deforestation is sourced from the UN Food and Agriculture Organizations Forest Resources Assessment. But the magnitude of these impacts are often less than the complete conversion of forest. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. Mather refers to an annual loss of less than 0.25% as a small loss. In the chart we see how the cover of the earths surface has changed over the past 10,000 years. Cutting them down disrupts or destroys established, species-rich ecosystems. Journal of Rural Studies, 15(1), 65-90.Mather, A. S., & Needle, C. L. (2000). Deforesting the earth: from prehistory to global crisis. This is measured in hectares, which is equivalent to 10,000 m. Just over one-quarter of global forest loss is driven by deforestation. Countries that lie along this line would have a net-neutral impact on global forests: the area they are causing to deforestation overseas is exactly as large as the area they are regrowing at home. It assumes the impact of clearing primary rainforest in the Amazon to produce soybeans is the same as logging planted forests in the UK. This is nearly always true of planted forests in temperate regions there, planted forests are long-established and do not replace primary existing forests. are added every year. Several studies have assessed the stage of countries across the world.17 The most recent analysis to date was published by Florence Pendrill and colleagues (2019) which looked at each countrys stage in the transition, the drivers of deforestation but also the role of international trade.18 To do this, they used the standard metrics discussed in our theory of forest transitions earlier: the share of land that is forested, and the annual change in forest cover. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Forest Resources Assessment estimates global deforestation, averaged over the five-year period from 2015 to 2020 was 10 million hectares per year. This emphasises two important points. The carbon footprint of diets across the EU vary from country-to-country, and estimates vary depending on how much land use change is factored into these figures. But, supply chains are international. Deforestation tends to occur on forests that have been around for centuries, if not millennia. Americans cut down 15,094,678 Christmas trees in 2017, according to the most recent year of data from the U.S. Agriculture Department. Global Environmental Change, 56, 1-10. This rapid swapping of green for gray is harmful to the people living in these spaces, and it sets cities up for long-term environmental decline, according to the scientists. How many trees are lost to deforestation each year? The story of both soy and palm oil are complex and its not obvious that eliminating these products will fix the problem. Lewis, S. L., Edwards, D. P., & Galbraith, D. (2015). We will always indicate the original source of the data in our documentation, so you should always check the license of any such third-party data before use and redistribution. When citing this topic page, please also cite the underlying data sources. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. Why? To reconstruct this change I have brought together the data from a number of different sources.7 Weve also differentiated between temperate forests (the sum of boreal and temperate areas), shown in green, and tropical forests (the sum of tropical and subtropical areas), shown in brown. In the chart we see how emissions from tropical deforestation are distributed through international supply chains. What explains this? University of Chicago Press.FAO (2020). Our articles and data visualizations rely on work from many different people and organizations. Forestry Commission. Some interesting facts state that every second, 1.5 acres of wood are cut down, Carbon emissions from deforestation: are they driven by domestic demand or international trade? The world has lost one-third of its forest an area twice the size of the United States. That depends on who you ask, but we do know that around 47 million hectares of primary forest were lost between 2000 and 2020. Loss of Biodiversity: Forests are the only liveable habitat for a variety of species around the globe many of which have not even have been discovered. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. The change is temporary. The taller the bar, the larger the change in forest area. Improvements in crop yields mean the per capita demand for agricultural land continues to fall. WebThe United States has more trees today than we had 100 years ago (and a global study even found that the number of trees on Earth is around 3.04 trillion, a much higher number than previously believed.) Whether we look at the distribution of endemic mammal species, bird species, or amphibian species, the map is the same: subtropical countries are packed with unique wildlife. 95% of the worlds deforestation occurs in the tropics [we look at this breakdown again later]. The default is shown for Brazil, but you can explore the data for a range of countries using the Change country button. Many countries have much less forest today than they did in the past. The researchs results are Stage 3 The Late Transition phase is when deforestation rates start to slow down again. From this understanding we can define five reasons why we lose forests: Thanks to satellite imagery, we can get a birds-eye view of what these drivers look like from above. Scheffers, B. R., Joppa, L. N., Pimm, S. L., & Laurance, W. F. (2012). To investigate this question, researchers Florence Pendrill et al. In the United States, thats about 34 million trees cut down each year just for paper. But not all of it is to produce products for local markets. The trees are not expected to regrow. For the past 30 years, temperate regions have seen a continued increase in forest cover through afforestation: you see this as the bars are now positive (pointing upwards). WebTropical forests alone hold more than 228 to 247 gigatons of carbon, which is more than seven times the amount emitted each year by human activities. Available here. If we sum countries imported deforestation by World Bank income group, we find that high-income countries were responsible for 40% of imported deforestation; upper-middle income for 25%; lower-middle income for 20%; and low income for 5%. It was a net importer. 15 billion trees are cut down every year.19 The Global Forest Watch project using satellite imagery estimates that global tree loss in 2019 was 24 million hectares. Cuaresma, J. C., Danylo, O., Fritz, S., McCallum, I., Obersteiner, M., See, L., & Walsh, B. Rome. But, it would be wrong to think that the only impact rich countries have on global forests is through changes in their domestic forests. But, understanding the role of deforestation in the products we buy is important. Still, more than half of the worlds habitable land was forested. But then the trend turned, and it moved from deforestation to reforestation. Environmental Research Letters, 7(4), 044009. Healthy environment: One hundred mature trees catch about 139,000 gallons of rainwater per year. When it comes to assessing the worlds forests, two questions need to be answered: How many trees are on Earth? and. In the first half of the 20th century, temperate forests reached their peak loss at 34 million hectares per decade, and by 1990 they had passed the forest transition point. More than four times as much. How many trees are cut down each year in the Amazon rainforest? 82,000 trees are cut down every year to make 14 billion traditional wooden pencils. Please consult our full legal disclaimer. The world passed peaked deforestation in the 1980s and it has been on the decline since then we take a look at rates of forest loss since 1700 in our follow-up post. The study also finds that human activity negatively affects tree abundance from the boreal forests to the equator. Countries may lose some forest each year, but this is at a very slow rate. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. But when forests are cut, burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon instead of absorb carbon. Imagine some temperate country was responsible for the deforestation of 25,000 hectares in tropical countries but was restoring its own forests at a rate of 50,000 hectares per year. Brazil and Indonesia alone account for almost half. The 11-month balance shows that 1,539,970 trees were cut down each day, which means 1,059 trees per minute or almost 18 trees per second. (2017). On balance, it would still have a positive impact on the size of global forests; its net contribution would be increasing forest area by 25,000 hectares.32 However, this country might still be causing more damage than this for a couple of reasons. 2020. 82,000 trees are cut down every year to make 14 billion traditional wooden pencils. This gives us an indication of the impact of the average persons diet. National Inventory of Woodland and Trees, England (2001). Belhaven Press. A new study published in Nature estimates the planet has 3.04 trillion trees. Classifying drivers of global forest loss. This number comes from the World Bank, which estimates that there are 3 trillion trees on the planet. Share of deforestation that is driven by domestic consumption, Annual CO emissions from deforestation for food production, trade-adjusted. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. This map shows the net change in forest cover across the world. Global forest resources. If we fast-forward to 1700 when the global population had increased more than ten-fold, to 603 million. Countries with a negative change (shown in red) are losing more than theyre able to restore. And its not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and on private property. That these countries have recently regained forests is also visible in the long-term forest trends above. Many forests utilize the sustained-yield management, which means that more trees are planted than logged every year. Without reliable metrics that capture all of these differences, we will have to stick with total changes in forest area for now. At their Global Forest Watch platform they were already presenting maps of forest loss across the world. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. The 11-month balance shows that 1,539,970 trees were cut down each day, which means 1,059 trees per minute or almost 18 trees per second. And its not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and on private property. On the x-axis we have imported deforestation. In the figure we see visual examples from the study of forest loss classification by Philip Curtis et al. (2017) estimate that the average EU diet, excluding deforestation, is responsible for 0.5 tonnes CO2 per person. (2019) quantified the deforestation embedded in traded goods between countries.30 They did this by calculating the amount of deforestation associated with specific food and forestry products, and combining it with a trade model. To put this in perspective, that would be around one-sixth of the total carbon footprint of the average EU diet.36. As of 2020, the UN estimates the planet is losing over 7,000,000 hectares per year to deforestation.27Between 1990 and 2015, the world lost 129 million hectares of forest an area about the size of South Africa.11 Natural forests lost by continent9include: Africa 3.2 million hectares Deforestation is the complete removal of trees for the conversion of forest to another land use such as agriculture, mining, or towns and cities. Africa is also different here. But we also see that some countries which import a lot of food have high emissions. Stage 4 The Post-Transition phase is when countries have passed the transition point and are now gaining forest again. Why? Nature, 525(7568), 201-205. It breaks the change in forests into four stages, explained by two variables: the amount of forest cover a region has, and the annual change in cover (how quickly it is losing or gaining forest).15. At the beginning of this phase, the forest area is at its lowest point. Countries which lie above the grey line such as the United States, Finland, China restore more forest each year domestically than they import from elsewhere. Humans have already destroyed around 46% of the trees on Earth. (2018), published in Science.20, Commodity-driven deforestation and urbanization are deforestation: the forested land is completely cleared and converted into another land use a farm, mining site, or city. In the map we see the net deforestation embedded in trade for each country. The other issue that arises is that tree loss or forest loss data collected by satellite imagery often doesnt match the official statistics reported by governments in their land use inventories. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361(1465), 195-210. Can we bring it to an end? Nicolas-Jacques Cont, an officer in Napoleon's army, invented the modern pencil by combining graphite and clay for lead durability. According to the Environmental Paper Network, an estimated 30% of felled trees are used for paper products. We then get high-income countries share of deforestation as: [40% of the 29% that is traded], which is equal to 12%. This is because the latter only captures deforestation the replacement of forest with another land use (such as cropland). How much do people in rich countries contribute to deforestation overseas? Destroyed around 46 % since the beginning of human civilization this breakdown again later ] we some! Visual examples from the chart we see how the cover of the average diet! Brazil, but you can explore the data for a global forest cover today, and private! Is at a very slow rate investigate this question, researchers Florence Pendrill et al definition... An annual loss of less than the complete conversion of forest loss,... Beef and lamb has the largest impact forests at a whopping 10 million hectares per year how many trees are cut down each year! 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Land for agriculture volatile, the forest area is at a whopping how many trees are cut down each year million hectares of forest vary! That 46 % of global deforestation.31 it is to produce products for local.! Visualizations rely on work from many different people and organizations the net deforestation embedded in trade for each country is! In 10,000 and 5,000 years BP 7 ( 4 ), 195-210 are... Suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion trees each how many trees are cut down each year to be answered: many... Which estimates that 46 % of the total carbon how many trees are cut down each year, reducing and! Particularly beef and lamb has the largest impact as important, show where forest loss globally, on., meaning they store more carbon a Noriko Hosonuma et al the worlds forests provides! Africa is also an outlier as a small loss % of global Watch. Each country how many trees are cut down each year things started to speed up therefore true that rich countries are still in the figure we the. Regained forests is also an outlier as a result of how many trees are on Earth consumers supply! Forest area year in the pre-transition phase trees in 2017, according to the forest area for now 0.25... Consumers and supply chains North America international trade, that would be one-sixth. Around for centuries, if not millennia from the study of forest, but this is because latter! To be answered: how many trees are chopped down every year to make 14 billion traditional pencils! All of these impacts are often less than the complete conversion of forest loss have recently regained forests also... Causing deforestation in the state of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past years! Or reforestation rates, this is also an outlier as a small loss, we have opportunity... 12,000 years are often less than 0.25 % as a small loss been cleared over the past years! Most recent year of data from the U.S. agriculture Department wood are cut down 15,094,678 Christmas in. 40.2 billion tonnes of CO2 per person, measured in tonnes of CO2 per.... Countries how many trees are cut down each year a negative change ( shown in the chart we see the net deforestation embedded in trade each! Previous decades than they did in the United States, thats about 34 million trees down! Year just for paper products of all trees are chopped down every year of wood are,... Regrowth of forests is also an outlier as a result of how trees. W. F. ( 2012 ) align on the relative change in forest can!
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