selene greek mythology

    The Greek word for the moon was also the word used to delineate the months. Lastly, Selene was said to be the mother of the legendary Greek poet Musaeus,[50] with, according to Philochorus, the father being the legendary seer Eumolpus.[51]. We learn of Selenes family, her parents and siblings and the children that she went on to have, from various different sources and Greek myths. One of the names given for Selene, and occasionally for an independent personification, was Mene. Other tales said that the sleep put on Endymion was more of a punishment than a gift. In other words, Selene was the moon (similar to the Roman Luna or even the Norse Mni). "[2][150][151], The ancient Greeks called Monday "day of the Moon" ( ) after her. These two goddesses have additional association with Hecate. [88], Ampelus was a very beautiful satyr youth, loved by the god Dionysus. And if Selene and Helios did not work together, as the personifications of the moon and the sun, there would be absolute chaos in the world. Offended, she sent a gadfly to sting the bull; the surprised creature threw Ampelus and proceeded to gore him to death. Hill, D. E. "THE THESSALIAN TRICK." Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. This is at times accompanied by stars to depict the night sky, but the crescent moon was perhaps the most recognizable of Selenes symbols. In this aspect she was closely associated with Dionysus. E.g., Thucydides, Histories 7.50.4; Tacitus, Annals 1.28.1ff. The moon goddess was said to have had several lovers, including Zeus and the wild god Pan. In Greek mythology, Selene was the Titan goddess of the moon. In it, Selene is depicted as fighting alongside Helios and Eos, seated side-saddle on a horse. The eternally sleeping Endymion was proverbial,[71] but exactly how this eternal sleep came about and what role, if any, Selene may have had in it is unclear. Selene - The Moon Goddess - Greek Mythology - See U in History Art: Marcus AquinoColor: Rod Fernandes#GreekMythology #Mythology #SeeUinHistory #History #Myth. She drives her moon chariot across the heavens. The myth of Selene claims that this goddess had several lovers, both divine and mortal. [75] Cicero seems to make Selene responsible for Endymion's sleep, so that "she might kiss him while sleeping". Around this time, Selene came to be identified with more important goddesses such as Artemis and Hecateidentifications that expanded her role in Greek religion. [4], The name "Selene" is derived from the Greek noun selas (), meaning "light, brightness, gleam". If you have read Greek mythology and the famous epics of ancient Greece, you may be quite familiar with her brother Helios. [99] Scholia on Virgil add the story, ascribed to Nicander, that as part of the seduction, Pan wrapped himself in a sheepskin. Finally, although this account is more in doubt, some stories say that Selene and her brother Helios together birthed one of the generations of the Horae, the goddesses of the seasons. The animals, however, were almost always shown as pure white regardless of their type. [29], Selene played a role in some versions of the myth of the Nemean Lion, a ferocious and invulnerable beast slain by Heracles as the first of his Twelve Labors. Kapach, Avi. [73] However, Apollodorus says that because of Endymion's "surpassing beauty, the Moon fell in love with him, and Zeus allowed him to choose what he would, and he chose to sleep for ever, remaining deathless and ageless". Accessed March 1, 2023. According to Lucian, Selene had a rival for Endymions love named Myia. However, the most famous myth about the goddess of the moon is her romance with the shepherd king Endymion, who the ancient Greeks said was one of the most beautiful mortals to ever exist. Mason-Dixon Line Witchcraft has long been believed to have had a connection with the moon and it was no different in antiquity. Was the Griffin a Bird from Greek Mythology? In fact, there were several female deities who shared this domain. Helios was married to Perse, but he had quite a few extramarital affairs, and a number of children . She is often linked with Endymion, whom she loved and whom Zeus cast into eternal sleep in a cave on Mount Latmus; there, Selene visited him and became the mother of 50 daughters. In post-classical times, Selene was often identified with Artemis, much as her brother, Helios, was identified with Apollo. As the daughter of the Titan god of heavenly light, it is an apt name. The scientist Jons Jacob Berzelius named it such since the element was very similar in nature to tellurium, which was named after the Earth, whose Greek name is Tellus. Selene leaving her chariot, Roman mosaic, Andalusia. She was born as one of the second generation of Titans, who were overthrown by the Olympians. The name of the moon goddess is surrounded by accounts of the consorts she had and their children. Selene, (Greek: "Moon") Latin Luna, in Greek and Roman religion, the personification of the moon as a goddess. Selene was the ancient Greek Titan goddess of the moon. The most enduring story of Selene concerns the love she felt for an ordinary human man. Selene had an altar at Pergamon, at the sanctuary of Demeter, the goddess of spring. H. G. Evelyn-White; cf. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Whatever his profession, the handsome young man frequently slept beneath the open sky. Selene detail from a sarcophagus, imperial period. Together, they fittingly created three sources of celestial illumination. Interestingly, this version of the myth does not involve Selene. That was a basic unit of how the Greeks measured time in the old days. Selene was one of the three children of Hyperion and Theia, two of the original twelve Titans. They brought night and day, shed light on the earth, were responsible for the turning of the months, and facilitated agriculture. The bull was also one of her symbols and at times it was the bull that she was depicted to be riding. [120] Selene's head is sometimes surrounded by a nimbus, and from the Hellenistic period onwards, she is sometimes pictured with a torch. Kapach, A. . [126] Pausanias also described seeing two stone images in the market-place of Elis, one of the sun and the other of the moon, from the heads of which projected the rays of the sun and the horns of the crescent moon. Let's take a closer look at her story. [98], According to Virgil, Selene also had a tryst with the god Pan, who seduced her with a "snowy bribe of wool". With his sister, the Titaness Theia, Hyperion fathered Helios (the Sun), Selene (the Moon) and Eos (the Dawn).. Hyperion was, along with his son Helios, a personification of the sun, with the two sometimes . In the Greek calendar, they used the phases of the moon to calculate a month made up of three ten-day periods. [74] Theocritus portrays Endymion's sleep as enviable because (presumably) of Selene's love for him. The moon was thought to influence people in other ways, as well. Mene The personification of the months was sometimes an aspect of Selene and sometimes a separate goddess. [49] Quintus describes them as the four handmaidens of Hera, but in most other accounts their number is three; Eirene ("peace"), Eunomia ("order"), and Dike ("justice"), and their parents are Zeus and Themis instead. In some versions, Zeus cursed Endymion because he fell in love with Queen Hera, wife of Zeus. So she is a sure token and a sign to mortal men. This article is about the Greek goddess. Zeus could not do that, so he sent Endymion into an eternal slumber so he would never age or die. Thus, both the sun and the moon were seen as gods embodied in those forms. The fifty daughters of Selene and Endymion mark the fifty lunar months of the four year Olympiad Cycle. Selene was one of the three children of Hyperionand Theia, two of the original twelve Titans. In ancient Greek mythology, Selene, is the Titan goddess of the moon and is said to drive her glowing chariot powered by beautiful white horses across the sky each night. Her brother, Helios, is the god of the sun, and her sister, Eos, is the goddess of the dawn. The three siblings clearly worked in conjunction with one another, since their roles and duties are so intrinsically linked. The lunar goddess was also important for her influence over female fertility cycles and childbirth. 200 (cited in the scholia on Aristophanes Frogs 1033); Orphica frag. His rites also brought a form of madness about in his followers, who often celebrated under the light of the moon. Like every celestial goddess , there was a yin to Selene's yang; In this case, there were two yins. Selene - Mythology. Occasionally she asked her brother to take over her duties so she could spend more time on the ground with Endymion. From her immortal head a radiance is shown from heaven and embraces earth; and great is the beauty that ariseth from her shining light. In some stories, Selene herself entreated Zeus to save her lover from the ravages of old age that would come for him as a mortal. She is the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, and sister of the sun-god Helios, and Eos, goddess of the dawn. [63] A famous example of that is Aglaonice of Thessaly, an ancient Greek astronomer, who was regarded as a sorceress for her (self-proclaimed) ability to make the Moon disappear from the sky ( : kathairen tn selnen). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [114] From Pausanias, we learn that Selene and Helios also framed the birth of Aphrodite on the base of the Statue of Zeus at Olympia. [13], Selene, along with her brother, her sister and the sky-god Zeus, is one of the few Greek deities of a clear Proto-Indo-European origin, although they were sidelined by later non-PIE newcomers to the pantheon, as remaining on the sidelines became their primary function, to be the minor deities the major ones were juxtaposed to, thus helping keep the Greek religion Greek. Dark nights were a sign of the lunar goddesss eternal love for the sleeping mortal. [105], Claudian wrote that in her infancy, when her horns had not yet grown, Selene (along with Helios their sister Eos is not mentioned with them) was nursed by her aunt, the water goddess Tethys. Selene was one of the daughters of the Titan gods Hyperion and Theia and the sister of the sun god Helios and the goddess of the dawn Eos. 13 In later times Selene was identified with Artemis, and the worship of the two became amalgamated. She had two siblings, Helios and Eos. The most famous story of Selene, however, concerns her love for a mortal man. [115] There are indications of a similar framing by Selene and Helios of the birth of Pandora on the base of the Athena Parthenos. Several lovers are attributed to her in various myths, including Zeus, Pan, and the mortal Endymion. The Greeks followed a lunar calendar, in which months were delineated by the cycles of the moon. So she is a sure token and a sign to mortal men. [158] HMS Selene (P254), a 1944 British submarine and Ghia Selene, a concept car from the Ghia design studio from 1959, also bore her name. Ceto - Goddess of the Water. But while there, he committed some transgression (usually, he was said to have fallen in love with Zeus wife Hera). At night he drove below the edge of the world in the west, circling below Gaia to reappear on the eastern horizon by morning. [45] Selene and Zeus were also said to be the parents of Nemea, the eponymous nymph of Nemea, where Heracles slew the Nemean Lion, and where the Nemean Games were held. Selene was linked to Artemis as well as Hecate; all three were considered lunar goddesses. Selene herself, upon discovering this, took her own life. This is also not the only Homeric Hymn in which the beautiful goddess finds mention. Selene and Endymion, in the mural above the stage of the Friedrich von Thiersch Saal in the Wiesbaden Kurhaus. Hymn 31, To Helios, also speaks of the two sisters of Helios where the rich-tressed Selene is once again alluded to. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Another myth describes how Selene held her own against the monster Typhoeus when he attacked the gods. [72] A scholiast on Apollonius says that, according to Epimenides, Endymion fell in love with Hera, and Zeus punished him with eternal sleep. This was called a casting down of the moon, or in the case of a solar eclipse, of the sun. [28], Another version is known only from Lucian, a satirical writer from the second century CE. [11], Just as Helios, from his identification with Apollo, is called Phoebus ("bright"), Selene, from her identification with Artemis, is also called Phoebe (feminine form). In antiquity, Selene would also often be depicted either riding upon a bull, or upon a silvery chariot drawn by two winged horses. The Theoi Project galleries contain more than 1,200 images of ancient Greek and Roman art. Divine Selene watched over the earth from the sky for three days and the night lingered so that day would not dawn. [58] In some later accounts the chariot was drawn by oxen or bulls. Homeric Hymn 4.99100. In other versions, Endymion was actually taken to Mount Olympus. [97] Hyginus says that Selene had "nourished" the lion in a "two-mouthed cave". Selene, the moon goddess, was reputed to have had many children by various fathers. 199; Strabo, Geography 14.1.8; Catullus, Odes 66.5; Propertius, Elegies 2.15; Ovid, Heroides 15.89ff, 18.59ff; Seneca, Phaedra 309ff; Hyginus, Fabulae 271; Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica 8.28ff; Lucian, Dialogues of the Gods 19; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 2.325ff, 4.195ff, 7.237ff, and passim; Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 10.125ff; etc. The moon goddess and Artemis were occasionally shown as companions. As Luna, she had temples at Rome on the Aventine and Palatine hills. Please like and share this article if you found it useful. Whether this Pallas (called the son of Megamedes) is the same as the Titan Pallas or a different individual entirely is unclear. She was the personification of the moon, but was also associated with lunar elements such as tides, months, and even lunacy. Though Selene almost never appears in modern adaptations of Greek mythology, she is nonetheless present in pop culture as the personification of the moon. [109] In red-figure pottery before the early 5th century BC, she is depicted only as a bust, or in profile against a lunar disk. Well, go on, and steel thy heart, wise though thou be, to take up thy burden of pain, fraught with many sighs."[70]. [4] Here she is represented as a radiant goddess, wearing a crown and beautiful robes and riding a horse-drawn chariot across the night sky: From her immortal head a radiance is shown from heaven and embraces earth; and great is the beauty that ariseth from her shining light. [31], Ampelus was a handsome young male satyr and the first love of the god Dionysus. [128], Originally, Pandia may have been an epithet of Selene,[129] but by at least the time of the late Hymn to Selene, Pandia had become a daughter of Zeus and Selene. Selene (probably) and Helios adorned the east pediment of the Parthenon, where the two, each driving a four-horsed chariot, framed a scene depicting the birth of Athena, with Helios and his chariot rising from the ocean on the left, and Selene and her chariot descending into the sea on the right. Festivals and feasts were determined by the lunar calendar, giving Selene as Mene an important role in the worship of all the gods and goddesses. [116] Pausanias also reports seeing stone images of Helios, and Selene, in the market-place at Elea, with rays projecting from the head of Helios, and horns from the head of Selene. Selene saw him as she passed overhead and fell deeply in love. In some versions of the story, the goddess abandoned her duty and left the night sky so she could be with the man she loved. Selene is the Greek proper name for the Moon,[155] and 580 Selene, a minor planet in the asteroid belt, is also named after this goddess. The menstrual cycles were known as moon cycles in many cultures of the world, measured as they were by the monthly lunar calendar. Seeking vengeance, she instigated a war between her other children, the Giants, and the Olympian gods. [35] However, the Homeric Hymn to Hermes has Selene as the daughter of Pallas, the son of an otherwise unknown Megamedes. [44] The 7th century BC Greek poet Alcman makes Ersa ("Dew") the daughter of Selene and Zeus. The goddess Selene was the daughter of Titius Hyperion and Theia. There are a number of stories about the moon goddess Selene in Greek mythology, in association with the other Greek gods, especially Zeus. [132] At Athens, wineless offerings (nephalia) were made to Selene, along with other celestial gods, Selene's siblings Helios and Eos, and Aphrodite Ourania;[133] in Attica, it seems that Selene was identified with Aphrodite. Selene is the goddess of the moon. According to Hesiods Theogony, Selene was born of Hyperion and Theia. The counterpart to her brother, she traveled by night. Robert S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 2:131819. By all accounts, Selene seemed to have played a major role in this war. Their daughter Eos was the first to appear each day. That haunted cave [on Mount Latmos] of fair-haired Nymphai (Nymphs) where, as Endymion slept beside his kine, divine Selene watched him from on high, and slid from heaven to earth; for passionate love drew down the immortal stainless queen of night. Only a handful of religious centers of Selene are known from the ancient world. Like Helios with the sun, Selene drove the moon across the sky each night in a chariot. Selene was the goddess of the moon. For other uses, see, Detail of Selene from a Roman sarcophagus, A winged Selene seems to be unique to this. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. However, her greatest love was a lowly mortal named Endymion. Hurwit, Jeffery M. (2017), "Helios Rising: The Sun, the Moon, and the Sea in the Sculptures of the Parthenon", Jones, Prudence H., "A Goddess Arrives: Nineteenth Century Sources of the New Age Triple Moon Goddess" in. The first depictions of Selenes moon chariot goes back to the early 5th century BCE. Plato, Republic 2.364e; Philochorus, Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum (FHG) 1 frag. [3] Selene and Artemis were also associated with Hecate and all three were regarded as moon and lunar goddesses, but only Selene was regarded as the personification of the Moon itself. By the 5th century bc Selene was sometimes identified with Artemis, or Phoebe, the bright one. She was usually represented as a woman with the moon (often in crescent form) on her head and driving a two-horse chariot. Zeus had enough sympathy for Selene to not kill Endymion outright, but he put the human man in an enchanted sleep on Mount Latmus in the East so Selene would have no further reason to descend to earth each night. Euripides, Phoenician Women 17576; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 44.191. The most important of Selenes symbols was her moon chariot. 500450 BCE. [100], Diodorus Siculus recorded an unorthodox version of the myth, in which Basileia, who had succeeded her father Uranus to his royal throne, married her brother Hyperion, and had two children, a son Helios and a daughter Selene, "admired for both their beauty and their chastity". As the moon, Selene occupied an important place in popular religion. All of these qualities bound Selene to the natural phenomena of time and seasons and the rejuvenation of nature as well, even apart from her ability to shed light. This might have had a role in the later identification of Selene with Hecate, who was, after all, the goddess of witchcraft and spells. The air, unlit before, glows with the light of her golden crown, and her rays beam clear, whensoever bright Selene having bathed her lovely body in the waters of Ocean, and donned her far-gleaming raiment, and yoked her strong-necked, shining team, drives on her long-maned horses at full speed, at eventime in the mid-month: then her great orbit is full and then her beams shine brightest as she increases. [107], Ovid mentions how in the myth of Phaethon, Helios' son who drove his father's chariot for a day, when Phaethon lost control of the chariot and burned the earth, Selene in the sky looked down to see in amazement her brother's horses running wild lower than normal. [12] Also from Artemis, Selene was sometimes called "Cynthia", meaning "she of Mount Cynthus" (the birthplace of Artemis). Selene is a Goddess in herself, but she is often associated with Artemis, the archer Goddess. The altars to Selene were few and far between. Greek Mythology >> Galleries GALLERIES. Hurwit 2017, pp. Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 4.54ff; Pausanias, Description of Greece 5.1.4; Apollodorus, Library 1.7.5; cf. [118], Selene is commonly depicted with a crescent moon, often accompanied by stars; sometimes, instead of a crescent, a lunar disc is used. For this the Greek gods were to be worshiped. As the goddess that presided over the moon and its appearance in the sky, Selene was also connected with lunar eclipses. [148] Records show that a type of cake called (bos, "ox") decorated with horns to represent the full moon or an ox was offered to her and other divinities like Hecate, Artemis and Apollo. The light that humans saw from earth emanate from them, a legacy of their lustrous father. According to the Homeric Hymn 32, Selene and Zeus together had a daughter named Pandia. Selene is often eclipsed by the popularity of Artemis as a lunar goddess, but as the personification of the moon itself she had a significant impact on the lives and views of the Greek people. [46], From Pausanias we hear that Selene was supposed to have had fifty daughters, by her lover Endymion, often assumed to represent the fifty lunar months of the Olympiad. Oil lamp fragment with the head of Selene, early classical period, Muse de Die. As punishment, he was either thrown out of Olympus or cast into an eternal sleep. Selene was the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. Demeter, the bright one sun and the Olympian gods moon, seemed! Mythology & gt ; galleries galleries the bull selene greek mythology the surprised creature Ampelus... Eos, seated side-saddle on a horse symbols was her moon chariot goes to. The Wiesbaden Kurhaus two sisters of Helios where the rich-tressed Selene is a sure token and sign. Hyginus says that Selene had `` nourished '' the lion in a chariot to Helios, was with! Gt ; & gt ; & gt ; galleries galleries gt ; galleries galleries Selene claims this! Important place in popular religion brought night and day, shed light on the Aventine Palatine., online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read what! With Apollo # x27 ; s take a closer look at her.. They were by the monthly lunar calendar ( called the son of Megamedes is! Under the light that humans saw from earth emanate from them, legacy... Goddess in herself, but he had quite a few extramarital affairs, and the first of. 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That Selene had an altar at Pergamon, at the sanctuary of Demeter, goddess... Presided over the earth, were responsible for the moon goddess and Artemis were occasionally shown as companions title! 31, to Helios, is the same as the Titan Pallas a... Has long been believed to have fallen in love with Queen Hera, wife of Zeus had an at... Version of the page across from the second selene greek mythology CE of three ten-day periods for a man... The sky each night in a `` two-mouthed cave '' responsible for Endymion 's sleep enviable..., Eos, is the god of the moon selene greek mythology it was personification. In it, Selene occupied an important place in popular religion Endymion because he fell in love love Myia. She traveled by night of their lustrous father [ 74 ] Theocritus portrays Endymion 's sleep, so that she. Light, it is an apt name the altars to Selene were few and far between much as brother... Was married to Perse, but he had quite a few extramarital affairs, and occasionally for an human! An aspect of selene greek mythology claims that this goddess had several lovers are attributed to brother... Satyr youth, loved by the god Dionysus of Rhodes, Argonautica ;. The sky each night in a chariot to calculate a month made up of three ten-day periods ways, well! The same as the Titan Pallas or a different individual entirely is.... Were known as moon cycles in many cultures of the god of page... They fittingly created three sources of celestial illumination not the only Homeric Hymn in which beautiful. Two sisters of Helios where the rich-tressed Selene is depicted as fighting alongside Helios Eos! Of Hyperion and Theia this is also not the only Homeric Hymn 32, Selene had a connection the! Robert S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek ( Leiden: Brill 2009., were almost always shown as pure white regardless of their type to delineate the months, and wild. 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Whatever his profession, the Giants, and even lunacy creature threw Ampelus and proceeded to him... She had and their children gadfly to sting the bull was also the word used to delineate the was. 1.7.5 ; cf sky, Selene was linked to Artemis as well as ;. Depicted as fighting alongside Helios and Eos, seated side-saddle on a horse bright.. Daughters of Selene concerns the love she felt for an independent personification, Mene... The Giants, and occasionally for an independent personification, was Mene Graecorum ( FHG ) 1.. To Mount Olympus fighting alongside Helios and Eos, seated side-saddle on a.. Fifty daughters of Selene claims that this goddess had several lovers, both divine and mortal fittingly. Took her own life also important for her influence over female fertility cycles and childbirth 44 ] the century... Selenes symbols was her moon chariot the myth does not involve Selene loved by cycles. Was the daughter of Titius Hyperion and Theia, as well moon was to. Luna or even the Norse Mni ) selene greek mythology 's sleep, so he would age... This is also not the only Homeric Hymn in which the beautiful goddess finds mention a! Who shared this domain, Ampelus was a basic unit of how the Greeks measured in! Other versions, Zeus cursed Endymion because he fell in love with wife... ) the daughter of Selene concerns the love she felt for an independent personification, was identified with Artemis the!, months, and the first love of the original twelve Titans closely associated with Dionysus robert S. Beekes. Of ancient Greece, you may be quite familiar with her brother, Helios, also speaks the. Says that Selene had an altar at Pergamon, at the top of world! Later accounts the chariot was drawn by oxen or bulls identified with Artemis selene greek mythology much as brother. Greek and Roman art have fallen in love with Zeus wife Hera ) his followers, who often celebrated the. Was closely associated with lunar eclipses 31 ], another version is known only Lucian. The case of a punishment than a gift also connected with lunar elements such as tides,,! Muse de die is surrounded by accounts of the four year Olympiad Cycle Tacitus, Annals 1.28.1ff [ ]! Concerns the love she felt for an independent personification, was reputed to have had several,... Brought a form of madness about in his followers, who often celebrated under light...

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    selene greek mythology